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Tuscany Wildflowers

Over the past couple of summers, while Joe and I were in Montepulciano in Tuscany, Italy, for his work, we went on many walks outside the town. Seeing the flowers, vineyards, olive groves, and other wonders of the countryside up close was an amazing experience, even after weeks of walking the same paths.

This page, which will be expanded over time, shows flowers and plants that I’ve identified — to the best of my ability. A little information about each one will be included, eventually. 

  • Tuscany wildflower Valerian growing from side of a wall in Montepulciano
    Valerian growing from side of a wall in Montepulciano
  • Closer view of pink wildflower Valerian growing in Montepulciano, in Tuscany
    Valerian, Centranthus ruber

Red valerian, Centranthus ruber, grows on the high walls all around Montepulciano, rooted into any and all available spaces between stones. Hummingbird moths seem to love the flowers. They must be a great source of nectar!

In mid-to-late July, Montepulciano manages to “mow” these plants off of some of the high walls. I wish I had seen the work in action. 

According to Missouri Botanical Garden, red valerian is native to Europe but has been introduced to the U.S. Its best success at naturalizing here has been in the Western states.

  • Tuscany wildflower the common mallow, or Malva sylvestris, produces many flowers on each plant
    Common mallow, Malva sylvestris
  • Tuscany wildflower the common mallow, or Malva sylvestris
    Common mallow flower
  • Tuscany wildflower Euphorbia helioscopia, or Sun Spurge
    Sun spurge, Euphorbia helioscopia
  • Tuscany wildflower Euphorbia helioscopia, or Sun Spurge, is a less showy plant than many of the other wildflowers shown here
    Euphorbia helioscopia, or Sun Spurge

Sun spurge, Euphorbia helioscopia, like other members of the Euphorbia family, contains a milky-goo (this sticky liquid is also called “a latex”). This plant is one to stand back from, because that milky-looking goo is considered to be poisonous. According to the Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, the plant can cause a burning sensation and swelling, if eaten. The result can be fatal.

  • Storksbill geranium, small pink Tuscany Italy wildflower.
    Storksbill geranium, Tuscany Italy wildflower.
  • Pink Storksbill geranium, genus Erodium, Tuscany Italy wildflower.
    Storksbill geranium, genus Erodium, Tuscany Italy wildflower.
  • Tuscany wildflower St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum, growing along a roadside
    Tuscany wildflower St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum
  • Tuscany wildflower St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum
    Tuscany wildflower St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum

St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum, is native to Europe, but the USDA Plants database shows that it has made itself at home all across the U.S. Probably, you have seen this plant before, even if you have never been to Tuscany! I certainly had seen that distinctive pouf of stamens before, which made this flower’s identify easier for me to confirm than some of the other wildflowers in Tuscany. 

The USDA Plants database includes links to outside websites, including to the site for herb expert Steven Foster. His page for St. John’s Wort explains not just the history of its use as a medicinal herb, but also how to extract red oil from those yellow flowers. Very cool.

  • Grey-leaved cistus, Cistus albidus
  • Grey-leaved Cistus

Tuscany wildflower Grey Leaved Cistus, Latin name Cistus albidus, always had many pollinator-visitors every time I saw it, near Montepulciano. The flower petals have the appearance of slightly crumpled crepe paper. The grey-green leaves, which are a bit fuzzy, stay on the plant all year. The flowers show up in early summer. This plant has not yet naturalized in the United States.

Plants for a Future Database indicates that the leaves of this plant are occasionally used to make tea, but grey leaved cistus is not included in either of the books (in Italian), about edible wild plants in Italy, that I have consulted.

  • Tuscany wildlfower, the corn marigold, Glebionis segetum, growing near Montepulciano
    Corn marigold, Glebionis segetum
  • Corn marigold, Glebionis segetum, wildflower in Tuscany
    Corn marigold, Glebionis segetum

Corn marigold is native to the Mediterranean region, but you can also find it in California. The Alabama Plant Atlas notes that a specimen of corn marigold was collected in Mobile County back on 4 August, 1893. Corn marigold doesn’t seem to have taken hold in the Southeastern states, though. We are probably too rainy; the plant seems to do best in drier regions.

Corn marigold, sometimes called field marigold, used to have the Latin name Chrysanthemum segetum. Plant taxonomists who study this group of plants — all the ones in the Chrysanthemum family — re-sorted and re-named plants in this family a couple of times back in the 1990s. As a result, this plant is now Glebionis segetum.

  • Tuscany wildflower Italian bugloss, or Anchusa azurea
    Tuscany wildflower Anchusa azurea
  • Italian bugloss, or Anchusa azurea, has very blue flowers
    Italian bugloss, or Anchusa azurea, is in the Borage family

Italian bugloss is an easy one to identify; the flowers are so very blue! The plants also are generally fuzzy, like other borage-family plants. This one is native to the Mediterranean, but the USDA Plants Database shows that it also now can be found in many parts of the United States — mostly the drier parts. It is not yet found in the humid Southeastern states.

The Plants for a Future database tells that Italian bugloss flowers are edible — great in a salad — and it has been used for medicinal purposes; also, the root can be used to create a red dye.

  • Toadflax, genus Linaria, near Montepulciano, Italy.
  • Toadflax, genus Linaria, has slender light green leaves all along the main stem. Yellow flowers are crowded at the top of the plant.
    Toadflax, genus Linaria, has slender light green leaves all along the main stem. Two-tone yellow flowers are crowded at the top of the plant.
  • Tuscany wildflower that produces capers, Capparis spinosa, does best in hot, dry locations
    The source of capers, Capparis spinosa
  • Tuscany wildflower that produces capers, Capparis spinosa, growing on an old brick wall
    Capparis spinosa growing on a wall
  • Trifolium stellatum is also called Star Clover
    Trifolium stellatum, Star clover
  • Tuscany wildflower Trifolium stellatum, called Star Clover, seen in the grassy strip between a vineyard and a road
    Star clover plant

I saw this unusual Star Clover growing in a grassy strip between a vineyard and a road near Montepulciano. The USDA Plants Database shows that Star Clover can also be found, now, in California. The Online Atlas of British and Irish Flora tells that this starry clover is native to the Mediterranean region.

  • Tuscany wildflower crown vetch, growing near Montepulciano, Italy
    Crown vetch, Securigera varia
  • Crown vetch flowers up close, Tuscany wildflower
    Crown vetch flowers

Tuscany wildflower crown vetch, Latin name Securigera varia (used to be Coronilla varia), is a bean-family plant. Like many plants in this family, crown vetch can add nitrogen to the soil when it has root nodules formed in association with special rhizobial bacteria.

The circular arrangement — like a crown — of pink flowers is distinctive. The leaves of this plant are in the form that botanists call pinnate. To everyone else the leaves look somewhat like fern fronds, with pairs of tiny leaflets running along 6 to 7 inch leaf stems.

USDA Plants database shows that this is one of the Italian wildflowers that can now be found all over the continental U.S. An Illinois wildflowers website offers a different perspective, saying, “Crown Vetch (Securigera varia) is another introduced plant from abroad that has run amok in the countryside.” 

  • Tuscany wildflower Viper's Bugloss is a member of the Borage family
    Viper’s Bugloss
  • Tuscany wildflower Viper's Bugloss, Echium vulgare, near Montepulciano
    Viper’s Bugloss, Echium vulgare
  • Wild orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis
  • Tuscany wildflower, the orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis, growing outside Montepulciano
    Tuscany orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis
  • Field Poppies
  • Field Poppy, Papaver rhoeas
  • Italian wildflower, the Tassel hyacinth, grows from a bulb, has small purple flowers on a spike, and has long slender leaves.
    Tassel hyacinth grows from a bulb, has small purple flowers on a single stem and long slender leaves.
  • Tassel hyacynth, also called Leopoldia comosa, growing on a shady roadside near Montepulciano.
    Tassel hyacinth, Leopoldia comosa 
  • White yarrow has flat-topped clusters of flowers and feathery, grey-ish leaves
  • Tuscany wildflower White Yarrow, or Achillea millefolium

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